Guinea-Bissau is preparing for a major political moment as the country gets ready to hold a constitutional referendum on August 30, 2026. The proposed changes could significantly expand the powers of the president and reshape the country’s political and electoral system.
The referendum is taking place at a sensitive time in Guinea-Bissau’s history. The country has been under military-led transitional rule since soldiers seized power in November 2025, shortly before the results of a presidential election were expected to be announced. The military takeover disrupted the electoral process and created a new period of political uncertainty in the West African nation.
Under the proposed constitution, Guinea-Bissau would move away from its current parliamentary-style system towards a stronger presidential system. The changes would give the president wider authority over the government and the political structure of the country.
According to reports, the president would be able to appoint and dismiss the prime minister and cabinet members. The president could also have the power to create or abolish government ministries, chair the Council of Ministers and dissolve parliament under certain circumstances.
The proposed reforms would also reduce the size of parliament from 102 seats to 65 seats and cut the number of electoral constituencies. Supporters of the changes argue that a stronger executive could help reduce political instability and make decision-making easier in a country that has experienced repeated political crises.
However, the proposal has faced criticism from opposition groups and civil society organisations. The main opposition party, PAIGC, has called for a boycott of the referendum, arguing that political parties have not been properly included in the process.
Opposition figures have also raised concerns that the proposed system could weaken democratic checks and balances by concentrating too much authority in the presidency. Some critics believe that reducing the size of parliament while expanding presidential powers could reduce political representation and weaken opposition influence.
Civil society groups have also called for greater public discussion ahead of the vote. Human rights advocates have stressed that citizens should have enough opportunity to understand the proposed constitutional changes and debate their possible impact on Guinea-Bissau’s future.
The referendum will be followed by general elections scheduled for December 6, 2026. Those elections are expected to play an important role in efforts to return the country to civilian rule following the 2025 military takeover.
Guinea-Bissau has experienced a long history of political instability since gaining independence from Portugal in 1974. The country has witnessed several coups and attempted coups, while disagreements between presidents, governments and parliament have repeatedly created political tensions.
For many citizens, the August 30 referendum will therefore represent more than a simple vote on constitutional changes. The outcome could influence how Guinea-Bissau is governed in the years ahead and determine the balance of power between the presidency and parliament.
As the referendum approaches, attention across West Africa will remain focused on whether the process is seen as inclusive and credible, and whether the proposed reforms will help bring political stability or create new concerns about the concentration of power.
